SPAGHETTI KNOTS
Piotr Pieranski, Sandor Kasas, Giovanni Dietler, Jacques Dubochet and Andrzej Stasiak, New Journal of Physics

This is, I think, one of the most unusual and the cheapest experiments ever made.
It was performed by Giovanni Dietler and Sandor Kasas.

This is, what you need to repeat it:

1. a plate of well (not al dente) cooked  spaghetti.......0.50 $
2. a drop of olive oil...................................................0.01 $
                                                                            --------------
                                                                 Total.........0.51 $     (Salt not taken into account!)
Experiment 1.
Take one spaghetto.
Tie a knot on it and pull it by its ends. Gently!
Observe, where it breaks.
 

The peaks of curvature are seen as red rings on the surface of the simulated knot.
To see a movie from the experiment jump to the Giovanni's group pages:
http://www.unil.ch/ipmc/docs/gd/projects/knots/knots.html.
To see, how the peaks of curvature appear, when the knot is tightened, have a look at this simulation.

Colors code the curvature: blue =>0, red >1.5.


Experiment 2
.

Take one spaghetto.
Tie two different knots on it and pull it by its ends. Gently!
Observe, which of the knot breaks first.


The problem we decided to study was serious. Let me define it.

All people, whose life can be found hanging on a piece of a rope, know well that the rope on which a knot is tied looses a considerable fraction of its strength. Such a knotted rope breaks more easily - invariably at the place at which the knot is tied. Why is it so? Where exactly the breakage place is localized? These were the questions we wanted to study.

To find out how the experiments were done and what their conclusions are, have a look at the recently published New Journal of Physics  paper. You will find there also an explanation why at all spaghetti was used - its choice might look funny, but it was a necessity. The paper describes also a series of computer experiments I made to find out the curvature profiles of knots tightened by the SONO algorithm. The experiments revealed a distinct peaks of curvature close to the entrance to the knots. Spaghettis, and as we think also ropes, break at the peaks.

If you want to see how SONO ties virtual knots, have a look at the animations: TyingTrefoil, TyingFigureEight.
Knots tied by SONO are also tightened by it. Have a look at the tightenieng of the open trefoil knot (overhand knot). Colors code the curvature: blue =>0, red >1.5.

The paper, obviously, attracts a lot of attention. Below you will find a list of the www places at which it was discussed.

Doing anything new and unconventional one must take into account the unexpected side effects of it. Had the spaghetti been excluded as an experimental object (on the grounds that it is not a serious material), we would have avoided possible problems. On the other hand, the explanation why the ropes break on knots would have not been given. And, last but not least, a lot of fun would have been lost as well ...



Pop-science paper

Piotr Pieranski, Zawieszeni na makaronie, Wiedza i Zycie



Press reports

Mike Martin, Scientists use noodle to model DNA mutationUPI Science News
Piotr Cieslinski, Wezly na spaghetti, Gazeta Wyborcza
Mark Henderson, Spaghetti solves a knotty problem, The Times
Sanjida O'Connell, Spaghetti ties up knot theory, The Guardian
Robert Matthews, All in a knot, The Daily Telegraph
Denis Delbecq, Etude de nœuds dans un plat de spaghettis Liberation
Christian Herbst, Aufschlussreiche Spaghetti, Financial Times

http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0614013.htm
http://physics.about.com/library/news/bllatestnews.htm
http://www.scicom.hu.ic.ac.uk/students/news/spaghetti.htm
http://www.ananova.com/news_quirky/story/sm_326187.html
http://www.beyond2000.com/news/Jun_01/story_1186.html